1460 - At the Battle of Wakefield, in England's Wars of the Roses, the Duke of York was defeated and killed by the Lancastrians.
1853 - The United States bought about 45,000 square miles of land from Mexico in a deal known as the Gadsden Purchase.
1879 - Gilbert and Sullivan's "The Pirates of Penzance" was first performed, at Paignton, Devon, England.
1880 - The Transvaal was declared a republic. Paul Kruger became its first president.
1887 - A petition to Queen Victoria with over one million names of women appealing for public houses to be closed on Sundays was handed to the home secretary.
1903 - About 600 people died when fire broke out at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, IL.
1911 - Sun Yat-sen was elected the first president of the Republic of China.
1919 - Lincoln's Inn, in London, admitted the first female bar student.
1922 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formed.
1924 - Edwin Hubble announced the existence of other galactic systems.
1927 - The first subway in the Orient was dedicated in Tokyo, Japan.
1935 - Italian bombers destroyed a Sweedish Red Cross unit in Ethiopia.
1936 - The United Auto Workers union staged its first sit-down strike, at the Fisher Body Plant in Flint, MI.
1940 - California's first freeway was officially opened. It was the Arroyo Seco Parkway connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena.
1942 - "Mr. and Mrs. North" debuted on NBC radio.
1944 - King George II of Greece proclaimed a regency to rule his country, virtually renouncing the throne.
1947 - King Michael of Romania abdicated in favor of a Communist Republic. He claimed he was forced from his throne.
1948 - "Kiss Me Kate" opened at the New Century Theatre in New York City. Cole Porter composed the music for the classic play that ran for 1,077 performances.
1953 - The first color TV sets went on sale for about $1,175.
1954 - Pearl Bailey opened on Broadway in the play, "House of Flowers."
1954 - James Arness made his dramatic TV debut in "The Chase". The "Gunsmoke" series didn’t begin for Arness until the fall of 1955.
1961 - Jack Nicklaus lost his first attempt at pro golf to Gary Player in an exhibition match in Miami, FL.
1972 - The United States halted its heavy bombing of North Vietnam.
1976 - The Smothers Brothers, Tom and Dick, played their last show at the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas and retired as a team from show business. Both continued as solo artists and they reunited several years later.
1978 - Ohio State University fired Woody Hayes as its football coach, one day after Hayes punched Clemson University player Charlie Bauman during the Gator Bowl. Bauman had intercepted an Ohio pass.
1980 - "The Wonderful World of Disney" was cancelled by NBC after more than 25 years on the TV. It was the longest-running series in prime-time television history.
Disney movies, music and books
1993 - Israel and the Vatican established diplomatic relations.
1996 - A passenger train was bombed by Bodo separatists in India's eastern state of Assam. At least 26 people were killed and dozens were seriously injured.
1996 - About 250,000 striking workers shut down vital services across Israel in protests against budget cuts proposed by Prime Minister Netanyahu.
1997 - More than 400 people were massacred in four villages in the single worst incident during Algeria's insurgency.
